Adverbs
Adverbs adalah kata keterangan yang digunakan
untuk menerangkan kata kerja, kata sifat atau kata keterangan yang lainnya.
1. JENIS-JENIS ADVERBS
Menurut jenisnya, adverbs dibagi menjadi beberapa kelompok, yaitu:
a. Adverb of Manner
b. Adverb of Place
c. Adverb of Time
d. Adverb of Degree
e. Adverb of Frequency
f. Interrogative Adverb
a. Adverb of Manner
adalah keterangan cara, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan bagaimana sesuatu
terjadi atau dilakukan. Adverb of manner menjawab pertanyaan "How".
contoh :
- quickly = dengan cepat
- slowly = secara perlahan
- seriously = secara serius
- happily = dengan gembira
- easily = dengan mudah
Contoh kalimat: She quickly decided to write her paper. (her decision
was quick)
b. Adverb of Place
adalah keterangan tempat, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan tentang dimana
suatu peristiwa terjadi. Adverb of place menjawab pertanyaan "Where" dan
biasanya ditempatkan setelah objek langsung (direct object) atau kata kerja.
Contoh :
- in Bandung = di Bandung
- at home = di rumah
- everywhere = dimana pun
- inside = di dalam
- outside = di luar
Contoh kalimat: she has lived in Bandung since June
c. Adverb of Time
adalah keterangan waktu, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan tentang kapan suatu
peristiwa terjadi. Adverb of Time menjawab pertanyaan "When" atau "What
time". adverb of time dapat ditempatkan di depan kalimat atau di akhir
kalimat.
Contoh :
- today = hari ini
- tomorrow = besok
- yesterday = kemarin\
- in the afternoon = pada siang hari
- in July = pada bulan Juli
Contoh kalimat: he came home in the afternoon
d. Adverb of Degree
adalah keterangan tingkatan, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan dalam tingkatan
bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan. Adverb of Degree menjawab pertanyaan "In
what degree" yang biasanya ditempatkan sebelum adjective atau
adverb.
Contoh :
- very = sangat
- little = sedikit
- extremely = luar biasa
Contoh kalimat: he is very extremely lazy today
Adverb of degree berdasarkan posisi :
|
Fungsi
|
Posisi
|
Contoh Adverb of Degree
|
Contoh Kalimat
|
|
Menerangkan verb
|
sebelum main V
|
completely, nearly, strongly
|
He strongly study the
book.
|
|
diantara auxilliary V dan main V
|
entirely, positively, totally
|
I will totally love you.
|
|
|
setelah main V
|
a lot, greatly, strongly
|
My father eats a lot.
|
|
|
Menerangkan adjective
|
sebelum adjective
|
extremely, really, very
|
The weather is very hot.
|
|
sebelum & sesudah adj.
|
so…that, too…to
|
She is so generous that the poors love her.
|
|
|
sesudah adjective
|
enough
|
The juice is sour enough.
|
|
|
Menerangkan adverb
|
sebelum adverb
|
extremelly, so, too
|
She was dressing so beautifully.
|
|
sebelum & sesudah adv.
|
so…that, too…to
|
The student studied too hard to pass the final exam.
|
|
|
sesudah adverb
|
enough
|
He rides slowly enough.
|
Berdasarkan
makna
|
Fungsi
|
Makna
|
Posisi
|
Contoh
Adverb of Degree
|
Contoh
Kalimat
|
|
Menerangkan
verb
|
seberapa
banyak
|
sangat
… sekali
|
absolutely,
fully, highly
|
I absolutely agree
with your plan.
|
|
sangat
|
moderately,
really, trully
|
Your
parent is a person who really loves
you.
|
||
|
kurang
|
barely,
hardly
|
She barely plays
basketball before.
|
||
|
seberapa complete
|
keseluruhan
|
completely,
entirely, totally
|
Your
parents will totally help
you.
|
|
|
sebagian
|
almost,
partly, somewhat
|
The
homework is almost finished.
|
||
|
(hampir)
tidak
|
barely,
hardly
|
He barely helps
his father.
|
||
|
Menerangkan
adjective
|
seberapa
banyak
|
sangat
… sekali /berlebihan
|
awfully,
extremely, too
|
The
student is extremely lazy.
|
|
sangat
|
rather,
really, so
|
The
man is rather unfaithful.
|
||
|
sedang
|
moderately,
somewhat
|
She
is moderately confuse.
|
||
|
kurang
|
fairly,
hardly
|
His
room is hardly nice.
|
||
|
seberapa complete
|
keseluruhan
|
completely,
practically
|
Your
planning is practically perfect.
|
|
|
sebagian
|
partially,
somewhat
|
My
homework is partially complete.
|
||
|
(hampir)
tidak
|
barely,
hardly
|
Your
hypothesis was hardly acceptable.
|
||
|
Menerangkan
adverb
|
seberapa
banyak
|
berlebihan
|
excessively,
too
|
He
studies too hard.
|
|
sangat
|
extremely,
really, so
|
The
fat man walks extremely slowly.
|
||
|
sedang
|
relatively,
somewhat
|
The
defendant spoke relatively honestly.
|
||
|
kurang
|
fairly,
slightly
|
The
boy learned sience fairly quickly.
|
Special Adverbs of Degree
Beberapa kata keterangan ini membutuhkan pembahasan khusus,
yaitu:
§ too
§ very
§ enough
§ so dan such
e. Adverb of Frequency
adalah keterangan frekuensi, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan tentang
sering tidaknya suatu peristiwa terjadi. Adverb of Frequency menjawab
pertanyaan "How often" yang biasanya ditempatkan
sesudah subyek.
Contoh :
- usually = biasanya
- always = selalu
- never = tidak pernah
- seldom = jarang
- ever = pernah
- never = tidak pernah
- sometimes = kadang-kadang
- often = sering kali
Contoh kalimat: the fish usually swims near the top of the lake
f. Interrogative Adverb
adalah kata keterangan penanya, yaitu adverb yang digunakan untuk
menanyakan suatu kejadian. Introgative adverb biasanya diletakkan di depan
kalimat pertanyaan. Adverb ini meliputi
kata tanya :
- what = apa
- when = kapan
- why = mengapa
- where = dimana
- which = yang mana
Contoh:
why are you crying?
Wher is my book?
When will the work be finished?
2. FUNGSI ADVERBS
a. Menerangkan kata kerja
Contoh :
- learn carefully = belajar dengan hati-hati
- sleep soundly = tidur pulas
b. Menerangkan kata sifat
Contoh :
- too easy = terlalu mudah
- so happy = begitu bahagia
c. Menerangkan kata depan
Contoh :
- long before = lama sebelum
- almost inside = hampir di dalam
d. Menerangkan kata sambung
Contoh :
- simply because = hanya karena
- shortly when = sesaat ketika
e. Menerangkan kata keterangan lainnya
Contoh :
- very well = dengan sangat bagus
- too hard = terlalu keras
- almost inside = hampir di dalam
d. Menerangkan kata sambung
Contoh :
- simply because = hanya karena
- shortly when = sesaat ketika
e. Menerangkan kata keterangan lainnya
Contoh :
- very well = dengan sangat bagus
- too hard = terlalu keras
Sumber:
